Subcritical Water Extraction of Phenolics from Salicornia Residue

Subcritical water extraction efficiently recovers phenolic compounds from Salicornia ramosissima residue with high yield and no chemicals. The method outperforms decoction, maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction, alkaline hydrolysis, and Soxhlet extraction in terms of economic and practical viability. It is particularly effective for polyphenolics like neochlorogenic acid and isoquercitrin. Alkaline hydrolysis serves as a complementary method for bound and conjugated phenolics, including caffeic and ferulic acid. The AQUACOMBINE project supports a circular biorefinery model integrating aquaculture, farming, and bioprocessing to convert all biomass fractions into food, feed, bio-compounds, and bioenergy.