Interactions between biotic factors and the functioning of plant associations

This paper examines the diverse mechanisms by which plant associations, or intercropping systems, influence biotic factors. It details how canopy complexity alters resource availability, competition, temporal and spatial complementarity, microclimate conditions, allelopathic effects and other stimuli. Several case studies illustrate the positive impact of intercropping on pest, disease and weed management. Recent findings on soil organism interactions highlight their key role in system functioning. Although research on biotic interactions in intercropping has expanded, studies remain limited in France. The authors recommend collaborative trials involving farmers to validate practices under real agricultural conditions before broad implementation.