Reducing the Use of Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizers: Potential and Impact on N2O Emissions in France

This article assesses technical measures to reduce synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use in French arable systems and their impact on N2O emissions by 2030. It models the mitigation potential of broader adoption of nitrogen balance-based fertilization, optimization of fertilizer application practices (timing, placement, use of nitrification inhibitors), and expanded legume cropping in rotations and grasslands. The study estimates per-hectare reductions of 15–30 kg N annually and significant national emission cuts without lowering crop yields. Most measures offer net savings or low costs per ton CO2e avoided but require supportive technical guidelines and coordinated socio-technical changes.