Share of Bioenergies in the European and International Energy Economy

The study reviews the historical significance and current expansion of biomass-based energy for heat, electricity, and transport, noting a 2015 slowdown in biofuel demand due to low fossil fuel prices. It assesses Europe’s oversupply, price declines, and reduced imports alongside growing global blending mandates and sustained investments. Key policy measures—such as higher fossil fuel costs, CO2 taxation, post-2020 renewable targets, clarified sustainability criteria, and higher blend rates (e.g., E20)—are identified as essential to underpin biofuel sector stability. Future growth in advanced lignocellulosic and biotechnological pathways will likely require investment subsidies.