Primary energy from biomass

To conclude the symposium on the challenge of renewable carbon in today’s world, we felt it would be useful to assess, in greater detail than has been done to date, the major flows of biomass from cropland, pasture, forests and water, as well as their end uses. To this end, we have supplemented the generally accepted global estimates – which take into account only biofuels intended for internal combustion engines – with biofuels intended for bio-engines. We then outlined the principles for establishing a hierarchy of uses for the various types of biomass.