Biomass Processing and Nutrient Recovery Techniques in Agriculture

This report provides a comprehensive inventory of nutrient recovery techniques for biomass streams including animal manure, sewage sludge, and food waste within the ReNu2Farm project. It details processing methods such as anaerobic digestion, composting, incineration, hydrothermal carbonization, gasification, and pyrolysis, highlighting their roles in producing bio-based fertilizers. The report outlines nutrient concentrations in end-products, emphasizing recovery of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Key technologies include mechanical separation, membrane filtration, struvite precipitation, ammonia stripping, and algal cultivation. Case studies from Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, and other European countries illustrate real-world applications. The report addresses environmental and economic challenges, including membrane fouling, energy use, and contamination risks, while referencing EU regulations and projects like Interreg NWE, Horizon 2020, and SABANA. It concludes that nutrient recovery from organic waste streams offers a sustainable pathway to reduce reliance on mineral fertilizers and supports circular economy goals in agriculture.