Legal limits on organic and diverse seeds in Spain

Regulatory barriers in Spain restrict registration, production, and marketing of organic and genetically diverse seeds. Higher requirements under Commercial Varieties’ Regulation hinder their use. Recommendations include establishing specific regulations under the Plant Genetic Resources Law, creating regional registers for traditional varieties, launching pilot tests for farmer and consumer acceptance, and forming a working group with national and regional authorities to support seed exchange, research, and commercialisation. Funding and policy action are needed to halt genetic erosion and promote sustainable seed systems.