Including diverse leys in arable rotations for soil and crop resilience

Functionally species-rich leys with diverse legume and grass mixtures enhance resilience in organic arable rotations across the UK. These systems improve soil fertility, structure, and organic matter, while suppressing weeds and synchronising nitrogen release with crop demand. Benefits include extended pollinator foraging, higher forage yields, and improved winter cereal performance. They reduce reliance on synthetic fertilisers and protein supplements, offering long-term cost savings and sustainability despite higher initial seed costs.