European canker control with lime water in fruit trees

European canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima, affects fruit trees in humid northwest Europe. Lime water (calcium hydroxide) is applied at pH 11–13 to prevent spore germination. Two products—Neccal (24%) and Ulmer Kalkmilch (33%)—are used from October to March via spraying or brushing. Three to seven applications reduce canker incidence by 50–75%, up to 90% under optimal conditions. Dosages range from 45–104 l/ha. Calcium carbonate forms post-application, lowering pH to 6–7. Not exceeding 10% lime water in tanks is advised. Combined with manual removal of infected tissue, it is part of the BIOFRUITNET project. Published 2023 by Delphy (Netherlands), available in English and Dutch on the Organic Farm Knowledge platform.