Agroecology enhances biodiversity and climate resilience in Europe

Agroecological practices in Europe enhance biodiversity and support climate change mitigation, particularly through soil carbon sequestration and reduced nitrous oxide emissions. A meta-analysis of 123 biodiversity and 72 climate studies across 21 countries shows strong synergies between ecosystem resilience and greenhouse gas reduction. Interventions like reduced tillage, cover cropping, and system redesign (e.g., hedgerows, crop diversification) deliver significant benefits, especially for species richness and carbon storage. Regional disparities exist, with higher study density in Germany (biodiversity) and Spain (climate). Findings support the Ecosystem Services and Resilience framework and PRISMA 2020 standards, emphasizing system redesign over input substitution for sustainable food systems under the European Green Deal and Biodiversity Strategy 2030.