Sward structural heterogeneity boosts grassland biodiversity

Sward structural heterogeneity enhances faunal and botanical biodiversity. The experimental farm 'Relliehausen' at the University of Göttingen studies species diversity under varying suckler cow grazing intensities. Three stocking rates—2, 3, and 4 cows per hectare—maintain sward heights of 18 cm, 12 cm, and 6 cm, respectively, using a rising-plate meter for regular measurement. Lenient grazing (3 cows/ha) creates high structural heterogeneity, supporting greater invertebrate abundance, particularly grasshoppers, and enhancing overall biodiversity. Moderate grazing (4 cows/ha) results in short, uniform swards, while very lenient grazing (2 cows/ha) produces long grass patches with lower heterogeneity. Extensive grazing promotes biodiverse, bio-rich grasslands. However, Rosaceae species invasion requires management to prevent shrub encroachment and maintain grassland productivity. Moderate and lenient stocking rates also support favourable individual animal performance.