Carbon Farming Methods for Soil, Trees, and Bio-Based Materials

Carbon farming methods for agricultural soils, grasslands, agroforestry, and bio-based materials are detailed, including certification under SNK and ONCRA frameworks. The SNK method requires 10-year implementation of practices like green manures and compost on at least 75% of farmland, with annual monitoring and 5% annual certificates. For permanent grassland, 50% coverage and satellite monitoring are required. Agroforestry projects need 0.5 ha plots with 30% canopy cover, spanning 20 years, with carbon stored in biomass, soil, and litter. Bio-based materials are assessed for 50-year lifespans, with ONCRA requiring 100-year storage and adjustments for processing emissions. Ex post certificates are issued after 20 years. Pilot testing involved 87 participants, but only three succeeded due to additionality, data transparency, and long-term commitment issues. Farmers raised concerns about yield impacts and the 10-year requirement. Financial returns from Miscanthus cultivation are estimated at €348/ha/year with 4.83 t CO2/ha/year sequestration. A 20% buffer is applied to agricultural projects. The EU carbon farming framework is expected by 2025. The brochure, produced by the Louis Bolk Institute with ZLTO and BoerenNatuur, highlights financial mechanisms, monitoring, and policy needs. Challenges include cost, scalability, and policy support. Integration of SNK and ONCRA methods is central to certification.