Planting trees for grassland improvement: Cost-benefit analysis

This document presents a cost-benefit analysis of an agroecological farming system in Portugal’s Mediterranean region, focusing on indigenous crop cultivation with drip irrigation. It outlines low initial investment costs and significant long-term income potential through agroecological payment schemes. Key benefits include enhanced biodiversity, improved nitrogen cycling, and soil regeneration. Ongoing operational costs are unspecified. Social impacts are limited to minor workload reduction and youth engagement. Funded by the European Union, the analysis draws on peer-reviewed research, including *Forests* (2020) and *Cortina et al.* (2009), and national resources such as *GO REGACORK* and *Manual Culturas Emergentes Amendoa Digital*. Supporting materials are available for further study.