The importance of montado and genetic diversity in animal systems

This document presents a cost-benefit analysis of an agricultural system in southern Portugal, focusing on forest and grassland management under Mediterranean conditions. It evaluates initial and ongoing costs, including investments in infrastructure, certification, and working capital, alongside savings in energy and input use. Economic returns show a long payback period with minimal product value-added or agri-environmental income. Environmental and social impacts are limited, with little improvement in biodiversity, soil health, or youth engagement. Findings are based on studies on grazing in fragmented ecosystems and nitrogen cycling, funded by the European Union.