Targeted herbicide application using advanced sensing and automation

Herbicides remain vital in agriculture for their speed, cost-effectiveness, and versatility, especially in hard-to-reach areas. Despite environmental concerns related to molecule accumulation and ecological effects, modern technologies like artificial vision, image analysis, drones, and unmanned ground vehicles enable precise, targeted application. These tools improve timing, reduce chemical use, and enhance effectiveness by focusing on vulnerable weed growth stages. Such innovations support partial vegetation control over total eradication, minimizing soil degradation and environmental impact. While still emerging, these systems may enable automated herbicide distribution. However, technological precision must complement agronomic expertise, responsible active ingredient selection, and a shift toward sustainable practices. The study, conducted at the University of Santiago de Compostela and funded by the EU Horizon 2020 programme (grant No 10160591), highlights the role of advanced monitoring and delivery systems in promoting responsible herbicide use.