Agricultural feedstocks for bioenergy in the EU

Agricultural biomass in the EU-28 includes straw, manure, pruning residues, grassland hay, and agri-food biowaste, with significant potential for energy production. Straw and manure are the dominant sources, followed by pruning residues and food industry waste. Spatial variability across member states is driven by soil, climate, and farm structure. France and Spain have the largest agricultural land shares, while Romania has the highest number of farms. Energy potential is highest in regions with extensive grasslands and permanent plantations. Logistical challenges and data gaps hinder full utilisation, especially for food industry bio-waste. Manure and straw are key for renewable energy, but surplus availability and collection efficiency vary by region.