Stakeholder perceptions of weed control in Estonia's Boreal Region

Stakeholder perceptions of agroecological weed control methods in Estonia’s Borealis region reveal crop rotation as the most widely used practice, adopted by 96% of farmers. High-quality seed material (83%) and mechanical tillage (76%) are also common. Soil mulching and flame weeding are less known, with only 19% of farmers aware of them. Weed mapping is underutilised, used by just 18%. Stakeholders emphasize crop rotation, cover crops, mechanical cultivation, and mowing in orchards as effective strategies.