Intercropping reduces nitrate leaching in cereal-legume systems

This study evaluates wheat–faba bean intercropping as a sustainable farming practice to reduce nitrate leaching. Field trials at the University of Reading in 2023–2024 compared monocrops and intercrops with varying nitrogen fertiliser rates (180 kg N/ha for wheat, 90 kg N/ha for intercrops). Results show intercrops maintained lower soil nitrate concentrations post-fertilisation, indicating improved nitrogen use efficiency and reduced leaching risk. Intercropping reduces fertiliser needs, supports cleaner water, and lowers environmental impact. Optimal fertiliser application strategies—such as split applications or foliar feeding—are recommended to balance yield, grain quality, and environmental outcomes. Findings support adoption of intercropping in agri-environmental schemes and inform sustainable nutrient management. Funded by the European Union and UKRI.