Soybean replacement with alternative feeds in organic dairy ruminants

Methane emissions reduced in organic dairy farms using alternative feeds like hemp shives, linseed meal, and sunflower meal. Studies show lower emissions per kg of fat-corrected milk when using EQ50 model, especially in high-production phases. Economic efficiency improved with alternative feeds despite higher feed costs, particularly when milk prices compensated. Soybean meal remained most profitable in short-lactation phases. Urea levels increased with alternative feeds, indicating potential metabolic inefficiencies. Findings support policy incentives for sustainable feed transitions.