Ammonia Emission Reduction Strategies in Dairy Cattle Systems

Dairy cows excrete significant nitrogen through urine and feces, leading to ammonia formation in manure due to urea breakdown. Factors like urea concentration, temperature, and mixing promote ammonia volatilization, contributing to poor air quality and health risks in rural and urban areas. Mitigation strategies include barn design, manure management, feed adjustments, and technologies like Lely Sphere, N-stripping, and air scrubbers. Practices such as daily manure removal, urease inhibitors, and acidifying manure reduce emissions. Effectiveness and costs vary across methods.