Jessour in Southern Tunisia: Sustainable Water Harvesting and Erosion Control

Jessour is an ancient runoff harvesting technique in southern Tunisia's arid highlands, used to collect and retain rainwater in terraced systems. Found in regions like Medenine, Gabès, and Tataouine, these traditional structures consist of catchment areas (impluvium), terraces, and dykes built from local materials. Operating at altitudes of 400–600 m with 100–150 mm annual rainfall, Jessours enhance water infiltration, reduce erosion, and support sustainable agriculture. Each of the estimated 35,000 units captures an additional 300–500 mm of runoff annually. Originally developed for rainfed olive farming, the system enables soil fertility preservation and supports local food production, including olive oil, dried figs, and dates. Jessours exemplify a low-impact, climate-resilient solution for water-scarce, mountainous regions.