Crop–Livestock Interrelations in Mixed Farming Systems: Adaptive Capacities Across Time Scales to Enhance Forage Autonomy

This research analyzes interrelations between crop and livestock operations in French mixed farming systems, using the Dedieu and Ingrand adaptive capacities framework at three time scales. Through case studies in disadvantaged hill regions and intensive production zones, it reveals that long-term public policies have divergent effects on system prevalence, medium-term farmer transitions require finer management and new thinking approaches, and short-to-medium term flexibility enables rapid adaptation to emerging environmental and market circumstances. The findings highlight how temporal scales of adaptation shape forage autonomy and overall farm resilience.