Salicornia ramosissima cultivation using aquaculture effluents in foil greenhouse

Salicornia ramosissima cultivated in a foil greenhouse using aquaculture effluents from shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) shows promising biomass yields of ~1.85 kg/m²/year when grown during the natural season. Initial freshwater irrigation supports germination at 2 g/m² seeding density, followed by twice-daily mixtures of effluent and freshwater to maintain ~12‰ salinity. Off-season cultivation (30 June 2020) yielded poorly, confirming seasonal optimization. The AQUACOMBINE circular system integrates aquaculture, farming, and bioprocessing, demonstrating sustainable use of nutrient-rich effluents for halophyte production.