What does the "development" of organic farming mean?

In this article, the author frames organic farming development as a multi-dimensional process shaped by institutional reforms, market crises, and socio-technical networks. He identifies four chronological phases of growth, examines the impact of policy measures like the CAP reforms, and explores spatial diffusion patterns across regions. The study contrasts two development dynamics: the institutionalization of standards and certification, and the grassroots mobilization of collective learning and innovation. By investigating certification schemes, quality standards, and public goods aspects, it addresses key challenges such as innovation pathways in diverse organic models, territorial structuring, knowledge transfer, and the role of organic farming in the global food system and agroecological transition.