Assessing soil structure: Spade Test and mini 3D profile

The spade test and mini 3D soil profile are rapid, field-based methods for assessing soil structure and porosity in topsoil horizons. Designed for quick diagnostics in agriculture, they offer a simplified alternative to traditional soil pits. The spade test uses a spade and tarp, while the mini 3D profile employs a telescopic loader and pallet fork to extract a soil block. Both include interpretation grids to score clod characteristics and guide management decisions like tillage adjustments. Valid across all European pedo-climatic zones, they support soil quality monitoring, especially for compaction and degradation. Tools are suitable for organic and conventional farming. Complementary resources include a methodology guide and a reference site for cultural profiling.