Diverse fertility-building leys in arable rotations

This study examines species-rich leys in UK organic arable rotations to improve soil fertility, resilience, and weed suppression. Based on a three-year LegLINK project, diverse legume-grass mixtures enhance nitrogen fixation, slow nutrient release via high C:N ratios, lignin, and polyphenols, and extend forage availability for pollinators. Grasses boost rhizobia activity and reduce leaching, improving nitrogen use efficiency. Mixtures including Black Medic, Lucerne, and Red Clover deliver sustained yields and soil health benefits, with long-term leys maintaining weed control despite declining annual nitrogen accumulation after two years. Findings support complex leys as a key strategy for sustainable arable farming.