Traditional Agroforestry Systems in Tunisian Oases as Biodiversity Hotspots

Multi-layered agroforestry in Tunisian oases enhances environmental health, crop yields, and climate resilience. Traditional systems feature three layers: date palms in the upper layer, fruit trees like figs and olives in the middle, and annual crops such as barley, wheat, sorghum, alfalfa, and vegetables in the lower layer. These sustainable practices, including ancient water harvesting and groundwater management, support agrobiodiversity, mitigate desertification, and sustain communities through food, fodder, and honey production. The oasis microclimate fosters ecological balance and provides habitat for native species.