Agrivoltaics and Agroforestry for Mediterranean Resilience

Integrating agrivoltaics and agroforestry in Mediterranean landscapes enhances land productivity, reduces water stress, and boosts biodiversity while generating renewable energy. These systems mitigate climate change by cutting CO2 emissions—potentially reducing 3–4.5 million metric tons annually if half of agricultural land is converted with 10% solar panels and forested areas. They support sustainable development, with studies showing 1% of olive land could create 560,000 jobs and 1% of Europe’s arable land could yield over 700 GW of technical capacity. Policymakers must address regulatory barriers, develop decision-support tools, and expand funding through models like public-private partnerships. Research, training, and knowledge-sharing platforms are vital for scaling adoption, aligning with EU policies and Sustainable Development Goals.