The importance of biodiversity in evolving wheat populations

Agricultural biodiversity is vital for climate resilience and food security. This study within the 'Resilient Cereals 3.0' project highlights the value of evolving wheat populations—also known as Biological Heterogeneous Material (BHM)—in enhancing sustainability, yield stability, and nutritional quality. Sourced from 700+ wheat varieties, these genetically diverse mixtures adapt naturally to local soil and climate conditions, reducing reliance on chemical inputs. They offer improved resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, support farmer-led innovation, and deliver superior organoleptic and nutritional properties in whole-grain flours. These flours exhibit complex aroma profiles and favorable rheological traits ideal for artisanal breadmaking, requiring skilled collaboration between millers and bakers. The approach contrasts with conventional uniform varieties, restoring genetic diversity and strengthening agroecological resilience.