Soil-based germination protocol for cauliflower and broccoli seed quality testing

A soil-based germination protocol for cauliflower and broccoli seeds, using 150-cell seedling trays with three replicates per seed lot. Seeds are sown at 50 per replicate, maintained at 18°C with consistent moisture. Germination percentage is calculated as (average normal seedlings / seeds sown) × 100, with normal seedlings assessed at cotyledon and first true leaf stage. Meets EU Directive 2002/55/EC standards: 70% minimum for cauliflower, 75% for broccoli. Visuals show soil preparation, sowing, and early seedling development.