Keyline System to Enhance Soil Chemistry in Montado Ecosystems

The Montado is a high-conservation-value silvo-pastoral system under threat from climate change, abandonment, and poor herd management. ECOMONTADO XXI applies the Keyline system and agroecological practices to restore soil health and productivity. A network of 57 sampling points across elevational gradients monitors soil quality, moisture, and biomass. Soil analyses (March–May 2019 and March–April 2021) at three depths (0–20, 20–40, 40–60 cm) assess organic matter, fertility, and erosion risk. The Keyline method uses contour-based water harvesting and the Yeemans plow to minimise soil disturbance. This approach enhances water infiltration and supports tree regeneration in drought-prone areas of the Portuguese Montado.