Pest Management Strategies for Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.)

The document provides pest management strategies for Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.), focusing on major pests: Western conifer seed bug (*Leptoglossus occidentalis*), Pine cone moth (*Diyctria mendacella*), and Pine cone weevil (*Pissodes validirostris*)), along with minor pests including Pine processionary moth (*Thaumetopoea pityocampa*) and shoot beetles (*Tomicus piniperda* and *Tomicus destructans*). It details life cycles, damage patterns, and control measures such as mixed forest planting, pheromone traps, and targeted treatments like Teppex (50% Flonicamid) in Portugal. Cone destruction before larval emergence and monitoring during reproduction are recommended. Guidelines were developed by the EU-funded FOREST4EU project, led by the University of Lisbon, with contributions from European research institutions. Access to resources is available via the project website or contact mbranco@isa.ulisboa.pt.