European Crop Diversification: Farmer-Driven Sustainable Practices

European crop diversification initiatives across Europe are enhancing farming sustainability through agronomic innovations. This study examines 11 experiences involving farmers using organic practices, soil conservation, and water protection strategies. It analyses 1,158 relationships between actors and concepts across agronomy, socio-economics, and ecology. Key drivers include intercropping, cover crops, crop rotations, and weed management. Success factors are linked to knowledge sharing, profit, and farmer engagement. Findings, based on interviews with 29 actors and a network map (Vannindelens et al., 2019), apply to all European cropping systems and are most effective during the planning phase. Central concepts include grain legumes, sustainable practices, and continuous learning.