A2A2 Milk Production and Certification for A2A2 Parmigiano-Reggiano

A2A2 milk contains the A2A2 beta casein variant, distinct from the more common A1A1 form, due to historical genetic selection in dairy cattle. Recent efforts have revived A2A2 milk production through targeted breeding and certification, particularly in Italy for Parmigiano-Reggiano PDO. E-commerce enables international market access. Production relies on genetic selection, with milk testing being cost-effective for identifying A2A2 carriers. Challenges include long timelines for herd conversion and integrating A2A2 goals with existing breeding programs. Supported by EU Horizon 2020, the method shows moderate resilience across economic, social, and environmental indicators.