Breeding indexes and genetic selection for dairy herd improvement

Breeding indexes guide long-term genetic improvement in dairy herds by combining key traits like milk yield, fertility, health, and feed efficiency. These indexes support sustainable farming through better selection of cows and bulls, using tools like genomic testing, sexed semen, and artificial insemination. In the Nordic region, the Total Merit (NTM) index integrates economic values for traits such as protein and fat content, udder health, and calving ease. This holistic approach enhances productivity, reduces costs, and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. Regular record-keeping and monitoring of milk composition are essential for effective implementation. The project is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme (grant agreement N° 101000770).