Biomass Estimation in Forests Using UAV and LiDAR Data

Forest biomass and carbon estimation using UAV-derived 3D data enhance carbon sequestration assessments and support low-carbon economy goals in Italy’s voluntary carbon market. High-resolution biomass maps (23×23 m) were generated across six test areas—Vallombrosa, Monte Morello, Rincine, Grosseto, Maesano, and Pizzorne—using RGB imagery, Canopy Height Models (CHM), and forest inventory plots. A regional LiDAR dataset enabled point cloud normalization (50 points/m²), supporting accurate biomass modeling via parametric and non-parametric techniques (linear, random forest, k-nn). Ground validation confirmed model reliability. The resulting high-resolution maps are integrated into OG SURF’s Decision Support System Platform, enabling multi-objective forest management and carbon credit quantification. This technological innovation, led by UNIFI within the FOREST4EU project, advances Italy’s capacity for precise, scalable carbon monitoring.