HTC of biomass

HTC of biomass: Ingelia's industrial-scale plant in Valencia, operational since 2010, converts wet organic residues like sewage sludge and agri-food waste into high-quality biocoal with a heating value of ~24 MJ/kg. The process, scalable via modular reactors (5,000–10,000 tonnes/year each), produces a hydrophobic, transportable biofuel suitable for replacing coal in thermal and metallurgical applications. A fertilised liquid fraction supports irrigation. The technology ensures consistent quality, reduces emissions, and enables circular use of organic residues.