Diversity and Stability of Genetic Factors Controlling Resistance to Main Fungal Diseases in Dry Pea

Dry pea faces yield instability due to two major fungal diseases, Aphanomyces root rot and ascochyta blight. This paper synthesizes current knowledge on the diversity of quantitative resistance loci (QTL) to these pathogens in pea, the stability of QTL effects across environments and genetic backgrounds, and the conservation of resistance loci between pea and the model legume Medicago truncatula. It also describes breeding programs that incorporate these resistances and outlines QTL pyramiding strategies to develop durable and efficient pea varieties. Emphasis is placed on integrating genetic resistance with cultural and prophylactic methods for sustainable disease control.