Guidelines for use of models “how to do and what to use”, MRV(-automatization), data harmonization and farm monitoring

This deliverable provides technical guidance on the use of greenhouse gas assessment tools, process-based models and monitoring approaches for climate-neutral farming.

It compares a wide range of tools and models including Cool Farm Tool, CAP’2ER, ANCA, DECIDE, DAYCENT, ECOSSE, RothC, ORCHIDEE-CROP and SAFYE-CO2, analysing their applicability, complexity, data requirements and suitability for different users and objectives.

The report covers data collection protocols, data harmonisation, precision soil sampling methodologies, remote sensing approaches and Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems for greenhouse gas emissions and soil organic carbon. It highlights that model performance depends strongly on data quality and availability, and concludes that modelling should complement, rather than replace, field measurements, particularly for soil carbon monitoring and certification schemes.