Indoor Air Quality Improvement with Plants: Mechanisms and Recommendations

Indoor air pollution contributes to sick building syndrome, reducing concentration and productivity. NASA's 1980s research identified 12 common pot plants effective at removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through root uptake, stomatal absorption, cuticle dissolution, and enzymatic degradation. Leaf structure, stomatal density, and light levels significantly influence filtration efficiency. Soil microbiota further support pollutant breakdown. For optimal air quality in a 10 m² space, five to six pot plants with ample leaf mass are recommended.