Wood diseases in grapevines: Trichoderma biocontrol applications

Trichoderma biocontrol agents effectively protect grapevine pruning wounds from wood-infecting fungi when applied 2–8 weeks post-pruning, ideally within 5–6 hours. Optimal application occurs at temperatures above 5°C, using large-droplet sprayers to ensure spore retention. Key strains—Trichoderma atroviride SC1, 11237, Trichoderma asperellum ICC012, and Trichoderma gamsii ICC080—exhibit strong competitiveness, lytic enzyme production, and mycoparasitism. Success depends on timing, vine phenology, and environmental conditions. Combine with pruning hygiene, inoculum reduction, and balanced nutrition. Research funded by EU Horizon 2020 (Grant No 652601).